Toyota, VW how to reduce the particulate matter emissions?

In 2005, Toyota in a code-named 2GR-FSE 3.5L petrol engine, the use of manifold injection and direct injection D-4S hybrid injection system, effectively improving the low load conditions of particulate emissions The phenomenon. It was first launched in 2005, the US version of the Lexus GS350 and 2006 Lexus IS350 above. Subsequently, this station can be regarded as "black technology" engine for four consecutive years swept from 2006 to 2009 annual Ward top ten engine award. In front we talked about the cylinder direct injection engine is more prone to produce particulate matter, and promote the production of haze, and manifold spray technology to enhance the fuel efficiency is lost direct injection technology, then how to "fish and eat it" What? Smart car prices they will combine the two, the development of the cylinder direct injection and manifold injection with a mixture of the two injection system. At present, Toyota has also been a comprehensive application of the D-4S hybrid injection system, such as the Toyota Highlander, Crown and most of the Lexus models have applications, and even Toyota and Subaru co-developed Toyota 86 and Subaru BRZ also used the technology .